So much came out of Germany even before the wars, in music, technology, science, chemistry, physics, philosophy (including Immanuel Kant, Friedrich Schiller, Luther, Max Weber, Engels, etc, and etc...) ... so its not just "desperation" ....anyways, there was a cultural value difference, or policy attitude:
1 Don't stop at past limitations of technology and knowledge,
disregard limitations and what would be considered "impossible". Think beyond what is known or what could be achieved before, find the way to make the "impossible' possible. Just get at it, find the way. One example of civil engineering was the superhighway, Find a way to design a road so you could drive fast and never worry about intersections, and yet be able to pass intersecting roads, and get on and off the highway at various places between beginning and end. Changed whatever had to change in order to achieve that goal and let nothing interfere with achieving it.
Even now, other countries said magnetic-levatation train travel is a nice theory, and make excuses not to develop it, while German scientists and engineers are disregarding excuses why it can't be done in real life, and finding a way to make it real. China also put aside all excuses and invested funds in German engineers and actually built it there.
There is no German war now, that finished 52 years ago, and Germany is not a desperate country, but still accomplishing what others aren't.
2 Make no compromises. With regard to engineering, exactitude, precision, concern for quality, with no compromises or approximations to interfere, and the best qualified to work on projects, not the best connected nepotism as in other countries. Its not a racial thing, its just the way things are done.
3 Perhaps also work values. Workplace is for work, not socializing, playing, goofing off. Lunch is for eating, not for discussing business, and worktime is for working. Its a productivity strength that helped Germany pull out of total devastation and defeat even after losing the second world war, and is still the economic powerhouse of Europe.