im doing something related to rome now in school!!--->
Important people
Caesar Augustus-Augustus was the first emperor of Rome. He was a very powerful emperor, because he expanded the Roman empire, and ended 100 years for civil war. He died 14 C.E.
Constantine-Constantine became emperor 330 C.E. He dramatically changed the life of Rome. He moved the city capital 850 miles east, to Byzantium, an ancient city.
Marcus Aurelius-Marcus Aurelius was an emperor devoted as a stoic. He started the philosophy, Stoicism, and wrote a book called Meditations. People today are still drawn to the ideas of this book.
Franks- Franks were a very powerful group during Charlemagne’s Empire. They made a new style of warfare, which was depended on the troopers, warriors, and who rode on horse.
Clovis- Clovis was only 15 years old when he was crowned king of the Franks, in 481. 5 years later, was his last defeat over the great Roman army located in Gaul. He ruled for 30 years, and widened his kingdom boundaries, the Frankish Kingdom.
Charlemagne (Charles the Great) - Charlemagne was the most important ruler of the Franks. He ruled from 768 to 814. He was a very powerful ruler, which helped his side of war win barbarian attacks. But his empire quickly collapsed after his death in 814.
Leo III- Leo was a pope who was the leader of the Catholic Church in Rome. He helped build Charlemagne’s Empire. Charlemagne teamed up with Leo to get more fighters on his side, due to religion.
William- William was the powerful duke of Normandy, a section of what is today, France. In England, he established a line of Norman kings.
Henry II- Henry made legal reform a main concern of his ruling years. His reforms strengthened the power of royal courts at the budget of feudal lords.
King John- King John was Henry’s son. Angry baron’s insisted he put his seal to the Magna Carta, or Great Charter. Their agreement was that John could continue ruling, and he was fair to the baron’s church.
King Edward I- King Edward was King John’s grandson. He dramatically allowed more people into the government. He put together a governing body called the Model Parliament.
Vocabulary
Philosophy-Wisdom, knowledge, and the nature of reality studies.
Proverb-A common phrase that tells something wise or true.
Scribe- A person who writes information by hand. Usually an assistant to a ruler.
Aqueducts-A channel or road that leads water through different places.
Cathedral- A church that is very important and large in size.
Dome- A half-sphere shaped roof.
Vault- A build to hold up either a roof or ceiling and arched-shaped.
Mosaic- A picture made of small bits of broken colored glass, tile, or stones.
Fresco- An image painted on a wall or ceiling that is damp plaster.
Barbarian- A person that is named uncivilized that belongs to a certain group or tribe of people.
Christianity-A religion taught on the life and ways of Jesus Christ
Roman Catholic Church-The Christian Church leaded by the Roman pope.
Pope- The leader of the Roman Capital Church, and the bishop of Rome.
Monarch- Ruler, like a pharaoh, king, queen, etc.
Fief- land given by a lord to a vassal in exchange for service and loyalty.
Manor- A large estate, with villages and farmland, owned by a lord.
Divine Right of Kings- the belief that God gives Monarchs the power to rule.
Duke- the highest type of European noble, ranked right below a prince.
Moat- a lengthy, deep ditch filled with water often, like an aqueduct.
Hierarchy-a way of ranking people. The highest ranking a person has, the more power.
Armor- a covering usually developed of leather or metal, worn to protect your body during fights and feuds.
Chivalry- the medieval knight’s code of perfection behavior, which includes bravery, respect for women, and loyalty.
Persecute-to make a person suffer due to what they believe in.
Monastery- a brotherhood of monks
Monk-A man who sacrifices his life to prayer and service in a monastery.
Clergy- The body of people, for example, priests, who bring through the sacred functions of any church.
Excommunicate-to politely remove a person of being a member in a church.
Sacrament-a sober right of Christian Churches
Pilgrimage-a trek to a holy site.
Relic-An object considered holy because it was held by, or owned by a saint or other holy person.
Convent-an association of nuns, and can be called a nunnery.
Nun- A woman who has taken a religious vow to sacrifice her life to prayer and help a church.
University-A school for over-achieving learners.
Rhetoric-the study of writing and speaking persuasively.
Theology- A teaching of God and religious truth.
Natural law- The big idea that there is a universal order built into nature that may possibly guide moral thinking.
Monasticism-A way of living which men and women eliminate themselves from the rest of the world to devote themselves to their true faith.
Illuminated manuscript- A handwritten book decorated with cherished metals and neon colors.
Religious order- A sisterhood or brotherhood of nuns, monks, or friars.
Friar- A person belonging to a group of a certain religious order, devoted to teaching and works for charity.
Domain- a ruler or lord has power over the land.
Charter- a written script of privileges and rights by a ruler or government to a community, organization, or class of people.
Guild- an arrangement of people on the same trade or craft.
Apprentice- a person who works for a professional in a craft of trade in return of training.
Journeyman- a person who has learned a certain craft or trade but yet to become an employer, or master.
Commerce- purchasing, selling, and trading goods.
Jew-a descendant of the ancient Hebrews, the founder of the religion, Judaism. Also any person whose religion is Judaism.
Leprosy- a skin and nerve disease that causes open sores on the body and can lead to major problems and death.
Bubonic plague- a deadly, contagious disease from bacteria and spread by fleas.
Common Law- a body of rulings made by judges that become part of a nation’s legal system.
Minstrel- a singer or musician who sang or recited poems from music played on harps and other musical instruments.
Mystery play- a form of religious drama in the Middle Ages related to stories from the Holy Bible.
Miracle play- a type of religious drama in the Middle Ages related to stories about saints.
Habeas corpus- the principle that accused people can’t be held in jail without the consent of a court.
Commoner- a person who is not in noble ranking.
Crossbow- a medieval weapon made of a bow that was fixed across a wooden stock(which had a curve to direct the arrow’s flight) and operated by a trigger pulled.
Longbow- a large bow used for firing feathered arrows.
Truce- An agreed-upon stop in fighting.
Heretic- a person who holds beliefs that are the opposite to the teachings of a church or other group.
Public Works- an architecture project ran by a government for public use such as bridges, roads, or buildings.
Patriarch- The bishop or an important city in the Eastern Orthodox Church.
Liturgy- A sacred rite of public honor.
Icon- A type of religious image typically painted on a small wooden panel and named sacred by Eastern Orthodox Church.
Schism- a formal division in a church or religious area.
Events
The Fall of Rome- The fall of Rome began 476 C.E, when the western half of the empire collapsed. The fall could’ve been caused by political instability, social and economic problems, or weakening frontiers. This all happened after Caesar Augustus, one of the worlds greatest ruler, died in 14 C.E.
Development of Feudalism- Feudalism in Western Europe developed because after the fall of Rome, they knew they had to protect themselves and survive. People would show loyalty to a lord. In return, they were given protection. The harder they worked, the higher the ranked on the Roman heiarchy.
but come on, theres TONS of sites to visit. dont just give up like that.