How did the three crisis of the Late Middle Ages, challenge the religious and political institutions of Europe?

Question

help me please i left my textbook at school !

Answer 1

It would help to know which three crises you're referring to.



The Black Death was one, the relocation of the papacy to Avignon for 70 years was another, but which is the third?



The relocation of the papacy from Rome to Avignon (which is in France) weakened the power of the Pope because there were, at one time, at least three men claiming the office, and during the nearly three quarters of a century that the "exile" lasted, there were often at least two claimants to the papal throne: one in Rome and the other in Avignon.



You can plainly see how having multiple claimants to the office would lead to a serious erosion of trust in the institution of the Catholic Church in Europe, just as it would cause civil unrest in a secular kingdom, with factions supporting one against the other.



The Black Death brought about the death of millions of people, and in its wake left few workers not only in Europe but all over the known world. In Europe, however, those who survived the pandemic began to realize that, if they were laborers, they had suddenly become a very hot commodity and could negotiate better pay for themselves and, in some cases, better living conditions for their families (if they had any left).



The deaths of so many also allowed the survivors to acquire more land and establish themselves as forces to be reckoned with not only by their fellow farmers, but by their landlords as well.



Since even a humble day laborer could ask (and often receive) higher wages than he could before the plague, it led to a lot of unrest. Those who had previously worked the land primarily for the benefit of an overlord as tenant farmers were now in a position to negotiate new rules and sometimes succeed in buying land for themselves.



This led to social unrest and was perceived by those who had traditionally held power as a major threat to stability. The people they had employed to work their land were asking higher wages and the fact that they could get them elsewhere put landholders in a position of choosing to agree to the workers' demands or losing their services.



This was also true in the towns, where apprentices were demanding better working conditions and employees higher pay, so you can see nothing happened in a vacuum.



This, of course was seen as a threat by the nobles who owned the land; they must either give in to the tenants' calls for wages and reorganization of traditional services and fees or tend the land themselves--something unthinkable to the knightly class.



As to the third crisis, I can't think of what it might have been.

Answer 2

Crisis Of The Middle Ages

Answer 3

Which one? there have been a great deal, the Huguenots in france, the protestant reformation, the creation of the anglican church, the ottomans introducing islam to the balkans, the reconquista, etc. you are going to ought to supply slightly extra suggestion. Thats no longer the previous due middle an prolonged time, its the extreme middle an prolonged time. although, we nonetheless have some techniques right here, the muslims occupied spain, and the crusades have been getting underway interior the holy land. Do you have the different suggestion?

Answer 4

1) Church position as the pillar of the medieval civilization was shaken. The church was integral part of the everyday life for entire medieval Europe. Roman Catholic Christianity in the medieval times could not imagine a life, where position of the church, clergy, and the hierarchy would be questioned. The crisis of the Catholic church, Papal Schism, and heretical movement undermined this position. Church was never able to return into previous position. Education, spiritual guidance, and clergy leadership became more secularized. Late medieval person was less willing to listen to the church dogma, spent money into it, or live a life of piety in a exchange for a rewards in Heaven. This desire for improving own life and living standard created a boom for consumer products, and with it fueled the Age of Exploration.

2) Social structure based on power (nobility who rule), clergy (these who pray), and serf (these who work) was undermined with an emergency of urban middle class. This middle class was getting wealthy, lived behind walled cities, had education, and was ambitious. The prestige of knights was going down, while the power of the merchant was up. The wealthy cities could afford to hire mercenary army and challenged the power of the nobility. In late medieval times is a competition between knights and the merchants called the war between castles and the cities. Cities were of course victorious as they had more money, and no knight could permanently control city with tens of thousands citizens.

3) Centralization of the states from feudal fragmentation into nation state could be traced in the late medieval era. Feudal era is characterized with extreme political division. However, starting with France, the monarchies started to centralized with national-language consciousness over universal Latin language. This centralization was also driving ambition of monarchies against their neighbors and toward larger exploration of the unknown world. People from England to Hungary and Spain to Sweden became more aware of their association by the language. This was still a long process that was not completed in the Enlightenment era, but previous loyalty toward landlord from a peasant masses was weakened. Peasants under experience of the 100 Year war or Hussite wars were more aware of their national relationship and European states started to get present day national boundaries.