Erik Van Thienen is right, the transistor. Let me explain....
Electronics were big and bulky (and very limited in their applications) and considered expensive until the mid fifties when transistors became popular. Electronics got cheaper and smaller.
The transistor allowed the onset of the microchip. TVs, radios, PDAs, cellphones, cameras.....almost everything in your home.
We also have them to help us in Space Travel, National Defense, medical field applications, agriculture, science studies, manufacturing and design (which effects absolutely EVERYTHING you own).
They allow early warning for storms and hurricanes (though the human still screws up response time), help Al Gore save the planet and invent the internet (sarcasm here), and track your dog when he gets lost.
Applications are endless and each one bigger and more helpful than the previous. Not enough can be said about this invention.
Of course, all this would be meaningless with out an even more simple device, the BATTERY!
To add to this, ELECTRICITY WAS DISCOVERED IN THE 18TH CENTURY!
All other inventions listed here would not be possible without the transistor. It took part in either the design or manufacturing of them, or is actually inside them, in whole or as part of a chip allowing them to do what they do.